Bulgaria
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Bulgaria (BG)
ECRML
Signed
(UNSIGNED)
Ratified
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In Force
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FCNM
Signed
1997
Ratified
1999
In Force
1999
Country Description
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Official Language(s)
To increase their visibility, recognised Sign Languages are always listed as official languages even if they are not yet technically official. The data on legal recognition was aggregated from legal documents and official sources. Wherever possible, the national number was taken from a national census or recent study/official estimate – sources are listed. The endangerment level is adopted from Ethnologue/Glottolog and further estimates of endangerment can be found on the individual language profile (e.g. by clicking on ‘Italian’).
| Language | Endonym | Geographic Area | Source | Legal Recognition | Legal Document | Source | National Number | Bases for Calculation | Estimation Date | Source | Endangerment Level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Bulgarian Slavic |
Bălgarski ezik | Whole country | 1991 | Constitution of Bulgaria | / | 5 037 607 (given) | Mother Tongue | 2021 | 1 (National) | ||
|
Bulgarian Sign Language (BZhE) Sign Language |
Bălgarski zhestomimichen ezik | Whole Country | 2021 | Bulgarian Sign Language Act / ЗАКОН за българския жестов език | / | Approx. 12 000 (not a census) | Deaf Sign Language Users | 2026 (Website accessed) | 5 (Developing) |
ECRML-Recognised Languages
This includes languages recognised under the European Charter of Regional and Minority Languages (ECRML). The data on legal recognition was aggregated from legal documents and official sources. Wherever possible, the national number was taken from a national census or recent study/official estimate – sources are listed. The endangerment level is adopted from Ethnologue/Glottolog and further estimates of endangerment can be found on the individual language profile (e.g. by clicking on ‘Czech’).
| Language | Endonym | Geographic Area | Source | Legal Recognition | Legal Document | Source | National Number | Bases for Calculation | Estimation Date | Source | Endangerment Level | ECRML level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| / | ||||||||||||
Non-ECRML Languages
This includes languages listed with an 'established status' in Ethnologue, the Endangered Languages Project or the UNESCO World Atlas (once it is available again). The data on legal recognition, national number, and endangerment level was taken over from the original source, reflecting these sources’ current state and gaps of knowledge.
| Language | Endonym | Geographic Area | Source | Legal Recognition | Legal Document | Source | National Number | Bases for Calculation | Estimation Date | Source | Endangerment Level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Aromanian/Vlach Romance |
Armãneashti | Blagoevgrad and Kyustendil provinces; Pazardzhit province: Peshtera, Rakitovo, and Velingrad municipalities | / | / | / | 9 400 | Users | 2022 | 6a* (Vigorous) | ||
|
Balkan Gagauz Turkish Turkic |
Rumeli Türkçesi | Silistra province: Dulova municipality, near Isperih town. Deli Orman area (Gajal dialect) | / | / | / | / | / | / | / | 7 (Shifting) | |
|
Balkan Romani Indo-Aryan |
Romani ćhib / Balkaniko Romanes | Scattered near urban areas; Burgas, Gabrovo, Grad Sofiya, Sliven, and Sofiya provinces; Stara Zagora province: Kazanlak municipality. From Sofia to the Black Sea (Central dialect); central and northwest Bulgaria (Tinsmiths’ dialect); Sofia region (Arlija dialect); Sliven and Varna provinces (Drindari dialect) | / | / | / | 428 000 | Users | 2021 | 5* (Developing) | ||
|
Baltic Romani Indo-Aryan |
Roma | / | / | / | / | 58 460 (total) | Speakers | 2026 (Website accessed) | Vulnerable | ||
|
Carpathian Romani Indo-Aryan |
Central Romani | / | / | / | / | 472 470 (total) | Speakers | 2026 (Website accessed) | At risk | ||
|
Crimean Tatar Turkic |
Qırımtatar tili | Dobrich province: Krushari municipality | / | / | / | 1 370 | Users | 2011 | 5* (Developing) | ||
|
Eastern Yiddish Germanic |
Yidish | Scattered | / | / | / | No known L1 speakers | / | / | 9 (Dormant) | ||
|
English Germanic |
English | / | / | / | / | 1 712 400 | Users | 2022 | 4 (Educational) | ||
|
French Romance |
Français | / | / | / | / | 157 000 | Users | 2022 | 5* (Dispersed) | ||
|
Gagauz Turkic |
Gagauzça | Dobrich province: Dobrich and Krusheri municipalities; Silistra province: Atafar and Kaybardzha municipalities; Varna province: Aksakovo municipality | / | / | / | 5 000 | Users | 2007 | 5* (Developing) | ||
|
German Germanic |
Deutsch | / | / | / | / | 557 800 | Users | 2022 | 5* (Dispersed) | ||
|
Krymchak Turkic |
Krymchak | / | / | / | / | Unknown | Speakers | 2026 (Website accessed) | Citically Endangered | ||
|
Macedonian Slavic |
Makedonski jazik | Blagoevgrad province: Blagoevgrad, Simitli, and Strumjani municipalities | / | / | / | 1 400 | Users | 2011 | 6b* (Threatened) | ||
|
Russian Slavic |
Russkiy | / | / | / | / | 1 675 800 | Users | 2011 | 5* (Dispersed) | ||
|
Turkish Turkic |
Türkçe | Burgas province: Kameno, Malko Tarnovo, east Sredets, Sozopol, and Tsarevo municipalities; Khaskovo and Kurdzhali provinces; Smolyan province: Banite, Madan, and Nedelino municipalities; Stara Zagora and Yambol provinces: small border areas | 1991 | National Education Act , No. 86/18.10.1991 | / | 514 000 | Users | 2021 | 5* (Dispersed) | ||
|
Vlax Romani Indo-Aryan |
Romani cib | Sofiya province: Ihtiman | / | / | / | 1 830 | Users | 2011 | 5* (Dispersed) | ||
|
Western Armenian Armenian |
Arevmdahayerên | Major cities | / | / | / | 5 620 | Users | 2011 | 5* (Developing) |
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