Estonia
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Estonia (EE)
ECRML
Signed
(UNSIGNED)
Ratified
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In Force
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FCNM
Signed
1995
Ratified
1997
In Force
1998
Country Description
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Official Language(s)
To increase their visibility, recognised Sign Languages are always listed as official languages even if they are not yet technically official. The data on legal recognition was aggregated from legal documents and official sources. Wherever possible, the national number was taken from a national census or recent study/official estimate – sources are listed. The endangerment level is adopted from Ethnologue/Glottolog and further estimates of endangerment can be found on the individual language profile (e.g. by clicking on ‘Italian’).
| Language | Endonym | Geographic Area | Source | Legal Recognition | Legal Document | Source | National Number | Bases for Calculation | Estimation Date | Source | Endangerment Level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Estonian Uralic |
Eesti keel | Whole country | / | 1919 (again in 1992) | Provisional procedure for the government of the Republic of Estonia - Eesti vabariigi valitsemise ajutine kord (§ 3) / Constitution of the Republic of Estonia - Eesti Vabariigi põhiseadus | / | 1 119 443 (mothertongue + foreign language) | Language spoken | 2021 | 1 (National) | |
|
Estonian Sign Language (EVK) Sign Language |
Eesti viipekeel | Whole country | 2007 | Language Act Amendment Act to Language Act (RT I 1995, 23, 334; 2005, 1, 1) / Keeleseaduse muutmise seadus | / | 1 464 (given) | Sign Language Speakers | 2021 | 5 (Developing) |
ECRML-Recognised Languages
This includes languages recognised under the European Charter of Regional and Minority Languages (ECRML). The data on legal recognition was aggregated from legal documents and official sources. Wherever possible, the national number was taken from a national census or recent study/official estimate – sources are listed. The endangerment level is adopted from Ethnologue/Glottolog and further estimates of endangerment can be found on the individual language profile (e.g. by clicking on ‘Czech’).
| Language | Endonym | Geographic Area | Source | Legal Recognition | Legal Document | Source | National Number | Bases for Calculation | Estimation Date | Source | Endangerment Level | ECRML level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| / | ||||||||||||
Non-ECRML Languages
This includes languages listed with an 'established status' in Ethnologue, the Endangered Languages Project or the UNESCO World Atlas (once it is available again). The data on legal recognition, national number, and endangerment level was taken over from the original source, reflecting these sources’ current state and gaps of knowledge.
| Language | Endonym | Geographic Area | Source | Legal Recognition | Legal Document | Source | National Number | Bases for Calculation | Estimation Date | Source | Endangerment Level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Baltic Romani Indo-Aryan |
Romani | Järva, Pärnu, and Rapla counties | / | / | / | 460 | Users | 2021 | 5* (Developing) | ||
|
English Germanic |
English | Widespread | / | / | / | 663 880 | Users | 2021 | 4 (Educational) | ||
|
Finnish Uralic |
Suomi | Widespread | / | / | / | 160 280 | Users | 2021 | 5* (Dispersed) | ||
|
French Romance |
Français | / | / | / | / | 20 620 | Users | 2021 | 5* (Dispersed) | ||
|
German Germanic |
Deutsch | / | / | / | / | 129 830 | Users | 2021 | 5* (Dispersed) | ||
|
Russian Slavic |
Russkiy | Widespread | / | / | / | 1 121 000 | Users | 2021 | 4 (Educational) | ||
|
Seto Uralic |
Seto keel | Setomaa | / | / | / | 5 000 (estimated, not a census) | Ethnic Group | 2010 | Listed under 'Võro' - 6b (Threatened) | ||
|
Võro Uralic |
Võro kiil | Põlva, Tartu, Valga, and Võru counties | / | / | / | 87 000 | Users | 2013 | 6b (Threatened) |
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