Greece
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Greece (EL)
ECRML
Signed
(UNSIGNED)
Ratified
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In Force
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FCNM
Signed
1997
Ratified
(PENDING)
In Force
(PENDING)
Country Description
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Official Language(s)
To increase their visibility, recognised Sign Languages are always listed as official languages even if they are not yet technically official. The data on legal recognition was aggregated from legal documents and official sources. Wherever possible, the national number was taken from a national census or recent study/official estimate – sources are listed. The endangerment level is adopted from Ethnologue/Glottolog and further estimates of endangerment can be found on the individual language profile (e.g. by clicking on ‘Italian’).
| Language | Endonym | Geographic Area | Source | Legal Recognition | Legal Document | Source | National Number | Bases for Calculation | Estimation Date | Source | Endangerment Level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Greek Sign Language (ENG) Sign Language |
Ellinikí noimatikí glóssa | Whole country | 2000 (furthered in 2017) | Law 2817 / Law 4488/2017 (Article 65 (2)) Communication of Persons with Disabilities with Administrative Authorities, Languages and Forms of Communication / Άρθρο 65 - Νόμος 4488/2017 - Επικοινωνία ΑμεΑ με διοικητικές αρχές, γλώσσες και μορφές επικοινωνίας | / | Approx. 300 000 (not a census) | Deaf Sign Language Users | 2026 (Website accessed) | 5 (Developing) | ||
|
None ('De facto' official language: Greek) Greek |
Elliniká | Whole country | / | / | / | 7 297 827 (given) | Mother Tongue | 1951 | / | 1 (National) |
ECRML-Recognised Languages
This includes languages recognised under the European Charter of Regional and Minority Languages (ECRML). The data on legal recognition was aggregated from legal documents and official sources. Wherever possible, the national number was taken from a national census or recent study/official estimate – sources are listed. The endangerment level is adopted from Ethnologue/Glottolog and further estimates of endangerment can be found on the individual language profile (e.g. by clicking on ‘Czech’).
| Language | Endonym | Geographic Area | Source | Legal Recognition | Legal Document | Source | National Number | Bases for Calculation | Estimation Date | Source | Endangerment Level | ECRML level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| / | ||||||||||||
Non-ECRML Languages
This includes languages listed with an 'established status' in Ethnologue, the Endangered Languages Project or the UNESCO World Atlas (once it is available again). The data on legal recognition, national number, and endangerment level was taken over from the original source, reflecting these sources’ current state and gaps of knowledge.
| Language | Endonym | Geographic Area | Source | Legal Recognition | Legal Document | Source | National Number | Bases for Calculation | Estimation Date | Source | Endangerment Level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Ancient Greek Greek |
Hellēnikḗ | Scattered. Religious language. | / | / | / | No known L1 speaker | / | / | 9 (Second language only) | ||
|
Aromanian/Vlach Romance |
Vláchoi / Armãneashti | Central Macedonia: Pella area, southeast of Lake Vegoritis and into Imathia, Kastoria into Florina and Kozani; Epirus region: western Ioannina; Thessaly region: Trikala southwest corner; Western Macedonia: Grevena | / | / | / | 50 000 | Users | 1999 | 8a (Moribund) | ||
|
Arvanitika Albanoid |
Arbërisht | Attica region: Athens; Central Greece region: Voiotia, south Evvoia and Salamis islands; Peloponnese region: Argolis and Korinthia areas, Messinia, from Kalamitra northwest, Lakonia, east coastal area near Rikhea; Southern Aegean: Kyklades, Andros island north; Western Greece: northwest Achaia, north of Lapas. Mainly rural, 300 villages | / | / | / | 50 000 | Users | 2007 | 8a (Moribund) | ||
|
Balkan Romani Indo-Aryan |
Romani ćhib / Balkaniko Romanes | Epirus (Romancilikanes dialect); Western Macedonia (Serres dialect); Peloponnese region: (Pyrgos dialect) | / | / | / | 40 000 | Users | 1996 | 5* (Developing) | ||
|
Baltic Romani Indo-Aryan |
Roma | / | / | / | / | 58 460 (total) | Speakers | 2026 (Website accessed) | Vulnerable | ||
|
Bulgarian Slavic |
Bălgarski ezik | Eastern Macedonia and Thrace region: Xanthi and 2 other departments | / | / | / | 75 900 (based on nationality) | Users | 2011 | 5* (Dispersed) | ||
|
Cappadocian Greek Greek |
Kappadokiká | Central Greece region: Mandra village; Central Macedonia: Neo Agioneri and Xirohori villages | / | / | / | 2 800 | Users | 2015 | 8b (Nearly extinct) | ||
|
Carpathian Romani Indo-Aryan |
Central Romani | / | / | / | / | 472 470 (total) | Speakers | 2026 (Website accessed) | At risk | ||
|
English Germanic |
English | Widespread | / | / | / | 5 535 400 | Users | 2011 | 4 (Educational) | ||
|
French Romance |
Français | Scattered | / | / | / | 760 200 | Users | 2020 | 4 (Educational) | ||
|
Gagauz Turkic |
Gagauzça | / | / | / | / | 162 200 (total) | Speakers | 2026 (Website accessed) | Vulnerable | ||
|
German Germanic |
Deutsch | Scattered | / | / | / | 536 400 (based on ethnicity) | Users | 2020 | 5* (Dispersed) | ||
|
Judeo-Italian Romance |
Giudeo-italiano | Ionian Islands region: Kerkyra regional unit | / | / | / | 50 | Users | 2007 | 7 (Shifting) | ||
|
Ladino/ Judaeo-Spanish Romance |
Judeoespañol / Djudeo-Espanyol | Central Macedonia: Thessaloniki | / | / | / | 12 | Users | 2017 | 8b (Nearly extinct) | ||
|
Megleno-Romanian Romance |
Vlăhește | Central Macedonia region: Kilkis and Pella regional units, Meglen area, north of Salonika | / | / | / | 2 900 (based on ethnicity) | Users | 2020 | 6b (Threatened) | ||
|
Pontic Greek |
Pontiakós | Central Macedonia: Kilkis, Pella, Serres, and Thessaloniki except south of Kalamaria borough | / | / | / | 400 000 | Users | 2009 | 5* (Developing) | ||
|
Romano-Greek Greek |
Elleno-romaniké | Thessaly and Central Greece Administrative Unit; secret language, itinerant builders, especially in Evrytania and Fthiotis | / | / | / | 30,00 | Users | 2000 | 8b (Nearly extinct) | ||
|
Sinte Romani Indo-Aryan |
Romanes | / | / | / | / | 318 920 (total) | Speakers | 2026 (Website accessed) | At risk | ||
|
Slavic Slavic |
/ | Central Macedonia region: Florina, Kilkis, Imathia, Pella, Serres, and Thessaloniki; Epirus region: Ioannina; Western Macedonia region: Kastoria except south Nestorio municipality, Kozani | / | / | / | Data very difficult to find | / | / | 5* (Dispersed) | ||
|
Tosk Albanoid |
Shqip | Western Macedonia region: Florina and Kastoria, northeast of Lake Orestiada | / | / | / | 10 000 | Users | 2002 | 5* (Dispersed) | ||
|
Tsakonian Greek |
Tsakonika | Peloponnese region: Arkadia regional unit, Leonidio and Prastos towns; Kastanitsa, Melana, Pramatefti, Sapounakeika, Sitena, and Tyros villages | / | / | / | 1 500 | Users | 2010 | 8a (Moribund) | ||
|
Turkish Turkic |
Türkçe | Eastern Macedonia and Thrace region: Xanthi, west of Lake Vistorius, on Bulgaria border; Rodopi, Bulgaria border west of Komotini | 1923 | Treaty of Lausanne (Statutory provincial language in Xanthi, 2 other eastern provinces ) | / | 48 900 | Users | 2010 | 2 (Provincial) | ||
|
Urum Turkic |
Urum | / | / | / | / | 192 700 (total) | Speakers | 2026 (Website accessed) | Endangered | ||
|
Vlax Romani Indo-Aryan |
Romani shib | / | / | / | / | 885 970 (total) | Speakers | 2026 (Website accessed) | At risk | ||
|
Western Armenian Armenian |
Arevmdahayerên | Scattered, with largest communities in Attica and Thessaly and Central Greece | / | / | / | 32 000 | Users | 2020 | 5* (Developing) | ||
|
Yevanic / Judaeo-Greek Greek |
Yevani glosa | Epirus region: Ioannina | / | / | / | A few elderly speakers | Users | 2019 | 8b (Nearly extinct) |
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