Spain
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Spain (ES)
ECRML
Signed
1992
Ratified
2001
In Force
2001
FCNM
Signed
1995
Ratified
1995
In Force
1998
Country Description
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Official Language(s)
To increase their visibility, recognised Sign Languages are always listed as official languages even if they are not yet technically official. The data on legal recognition was aggregated from legal documents and official sources. Wherever possible, the national number was taken from a national census or recent study/official estimate – sources are listed. The endangerment level is adopted from Ethnologue/Glottolog and further estimates of endangerment can be found on the individual language profile (e.g. by clicking on ‘Italian’).
| Language | Endonym | Geographic Area | Source | Legal Recognition | Legal Document | Source | National Number | Bases for Calculation | Estimation Date | Source | Endangerment Level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Catalan Sign Language (LSC) Sign Language |
Llengua de signes catalana | Whole Country | 2010 | Law 17/2010 / Ley 17/2010 | / | Approx. 25 000 | Language used | 2014 | 6b (Threatened) | ||
|
Spanish / Castilian Romance |
Español / Castellano | Whole Country | 1978 | Constitution of Spain Art. 3 / Constitución de España | / | 46 181 637 (given) | Speakers | 2021 | 1 (National) | ||
|
Spanish Sign Language (LSE) Sign Language |
Lengua de signos española | Whole Country | 2007 | Law 27/2007 / Ley 27/2007 | / | Approx. 27 300 | Hearing-impaired Language Users | 2020 | 6b (Threatened) |
ECRML-Recognised Languages
This includes languages recognised under the European Charter of Regional and Minority Languages (ECRML). The data on legal recognition was aggregated from legal documents and official sources. Wherever possible, the national number was taken from a national census or recent study/official estimate – sources are listed. The endangerment level is adopted from Ethnologue/Glottolog and further estimates of endangerment can be found on the individual language profile (e.g. by clicking on ‘Czech’).
| Language | Endonym | Geographic Area | Source | Legal Recognition | Legal Document | Source | National Number | Bases for Calculation | Estimation Date | Source | Endangerment Level | ECRML level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Amazigh Afroasiatic |
Tamaziɣt | Autonomous City of Melilla | 2001 | ECRML | / | Unknown, plans for a census | Speakers | 2018 | 6b (Threatened) | / | ||
|
Aragonese Romance |
Aragonés | Autonomous Community of Aragon | 1999 (furthered in 2013) | Act 3/1999, of 10 March, on the Aragonese Cultural Heritage / Act 3/2013, of 9 May, on the use, protection and promotion of the languages and language modalities of Aragon | / | 25 556 (given) | Speakers | 2018 | 6b (Threatened) | Part II | ||
|
Aranese Romance |
Aranés (Lenga d'òc) | Val d'Aran, Autonomous Community of Catalonia | 2010 | Occitan Act, Autonomous Community of Catalonia Parliament, 22 September, provincially recognised language in Catalonia | / | Approx. 5 300 (estimated, not a national census) | Speakers | 2023 | 6b (Threatened) | Part II & Part III | ||
|
Basque Basque |
Euskara | Basque Country, Basque-speaking areas of Navarre | 1979 | Basque Country Autonomous Community Act 3, 1979, Article 6.1, statutory provincial language | / | 1 593 568 (given) | Speakers | 2021 | 2 (Provincial) | Part II & Part III | ||
|
Extremaduran Romance |
Estremeñu | Autonomous Community of Extremadura | 2001 | ECRML | / | Approx. 10 000 (estimate, not a census) | Speakers | 2026 (Website accessed) | 7 (Shifting) | Part II | ||
|
Fala Romance |
Xalimego | Autonomous Community of Extremadura | 2001 | Regional Decree 45/2001 of 20 March | / | Approx. 5 000 (estimate, not a census) | Inhabitants of localities where it is spoken | 2011 | 5 (Developing) | Part II | ||
|
Galician Romance |
Galego | Principality of Asturias [called Galician-Asturian], in the Autonomous Communities of Castille and Leon and Galicia | 1981 | Organic Law 1/1981 on Article 5 of Galicia's Statute of Autonomy | / | Galician - 2 769 414 (given) | Speakers | 2021 | 2 (Provincial) | Depending on area, Part II OR Part II & Part III | ||
|
Leonese Romance |
Llionés | Autonomous Community of Castille and Leon | 2007 | Organic Law 14/2007 on Article 5.2 of the Statute of Autonomy of Castilla y León | / | Approx. 50 000 (estimate, not a census) | Speakers | 2011 | Listed under 'Asturian' - 6b (Threatened) | Part II | ||
|
Portuguese Romance |
Português | Autonomous Community of Extremadura | 2001 | ECRML | / | / | / | / | / | 5 (Developing) | Part II |
Non-ECRML Languages
This includes languages listed with an 'established status' in Ethnologue, the Endangered Languages Project or the UNESCO World Atlas (once it is available again). The data on legal recognition, national number, and endangerment level was taken over from the original source, reflecting these sources’ current state and gaps of knowledge.
| Language | Endonym | Geographic Area | Source | Legal Recognition | Legal Document | Source | National Number | Bases for Calculation | Estimation Date | Source | Endangerment Level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Caló Indo-Aryan |
Romanó / Calé | Scattered | / | / | / | 40 000 | Users | / | 6b (Threatened) | ||
|
English Germanic |
English | / | / | / | / | 10 876 000 | Users | 2022 | 4 (Educational) | ||
|
French Romance |
Français | Scattered | / | / | / | 2 396 000 | Users | 2022 | 5* (Dispersed) | ||
|
Gascon Romance |
Gascon | / | / | / | / | 250 000 (total) | Speakers | 2026 (Website accessed) | At risk | ||
|
Guanche Afroasiatic |
Guanachinet | Canary Islands | / | / | / | No known L1 speakers | / | 2011 | 10 (Extinct) | ||
|
Ladino/ Judaeo-Spanish Romance |
Judeoespañol / Djudeo-Espanyol | / | / | / | / | No known L1 speakers | / | / | 10 (Extirpated) | ||
|
Mercheros Cant |
Quinqui | Scattered, throughout the north of Spain, also many reported in Torrente and Valencia | / | / | / | No known L1 speakers | / | / | 9 (Dormant) | ||
|
Mirandese Romance |
Mirandés | / | / | / | / | 15 000 (total) | Speakers | 2026 (Website accessed) | Vulnerable | ||
|
Vlax Romani Indo-Aryan |
Romani shib | / | / | / | / | 885 970 (total) | Speakers | 2026 (Website accessed) | At risk |
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