Minority languages are not defined by law in Finland, but various laws are concerned with linguistic rights. The Sami languages (North, Skolt, and Inari Sami, sometimes also spelled as “Saami” or “Sámi”) are considered indigenous languages. There are two recognized Sign Languages in Finland: Finnish Sign Language and the Finland Swedish Sign Language (FinSSL). No official national data is available on either, but it is estimated that there are approximately 5 500 Finnish Sign Language users, and only around 100 Finland Swedish Sign Language users, making the language critically endangered. Both sign languages, along with Karelian and Finnish Romani are considered autochthonous languages. In the ECRML, Finland outlined that it would apply the ECRML principles outlined in Article 7, paragraphs 1 to 4 “to the Romanes language, to the Karelian language, and to the other non-territorial languages in Finland”, but did not specify which languages these are. Finland regularly conducts national language censuses, with the last one taking place in 2024. Statistics Finland noted that the number of those who speak a language other than Finnish, Swedish or Sami as a native language exceeded 600 000 at the end of 2024, while the number of Finnish, Swedish or Sami native speakers decreased. Regarding the accuracy of non-census data, Finland’s 2023 Report for the ECRML noted that while Sami residents have the right under Section 7 of the Sami Language Act to declare Sami as their mother tongue in the Population Register, only one language can be declared, leading many Sami to not declare a language at all or to register another mother tongue.