Latvia
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Latvia (LV)
ECRML
Signed
(UNSIGNED)
Ratified
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In Force
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FCNM
Signed
1995
Ratified
2005
In Force
2005
Country Description
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Official Language(s)
To increase their visibility, recognised Sign Languages are always listed as official languages even if they are not yet technically official. The data on legal recognition was aggregated from legal documents and official sources. Wherever possible, the national number was taken from a national census or recent study/official estimate – sources are listed. The endangerment level is adopted from Ethnologue/Glottolog and further estimates of endangerment can be found on the individual language profile (e.g. by clicking on ‘Italian’).
| Language | Endonym | Geographic Area | Source | Legal Recognition | Legal Document | Source | National Number | Bases for Calculation | Estimation Date | Source | Endangerment Level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Latvian Baltic |
Latviešu valoda | Whole country | 1998 | DECISION ON THE STATUS OF THE LATVIAN LANGUAGE / LĒMUMS PAR LATVIEŠU VALODAS STATUSU | / | Approx. 1 679 789 | Speak or understand | 2022 | 1 (National) | ||
|
Latvian Sign Language (LSL) Sign Language |
Latviešu zīmju valoda | Whole country | 1999 | Official Language Law / Valsts valodas likums | / | Approx. 2 000 (not a census) | Deaf Sign Language Users | 2026 (Website accessed) | 5 (Developing) |
ECRML-Recognised Languages
This includes languages recognised under the European Charter of Regional and Minority Languages (ECRML). The data on legal recognition was aggregated from legal documents and official sources. Wherever possible, the national number was taken from a national census or recent study/official estimate – sources are listed. The endangerment level is adopted from Ethnologue/Glottolog and further estimates of endangerment can be found on the individual language profile (e.g. by clicking on ‘Czech’).
| Language | Endonym | Geographic Area | Source | Legal Recognition | Legal Document | Source | National Number | Bases for Calculation | Estimation Date | Source | Endangerment Level | ECRML level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| / | ||||||||||||
Non-ECRML Languages
This includes languages listed with an 'established status' in Ethnologue, the Endangered Languages Project or the UNESCO World Atlas (once it is available again). The data on legal recognition, national number, and endangerment level was taken over from the original source, reflecting these sources’ current state and gaps of knowledge.
| Language | Endonym | Geographic Area | Source | Legal Recognition | Legal Document | Source | National Number | Bases for Calculation | Estimation Date | Source | Endangerment Level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Balkan Romani Indo-Aryan |
Balkaniko Romanes | / | / | / | / | 709 570 (total) | Speakers | 2026 (Website accessed) | At risk | ||
|
Baltic Romani Indo-Aryan |
Romani | Scattered: western Latvia; Riga | / | / | / | 5 640 | Users | 2021 | 5* (Developing) | ||
|
Carpathian Romani Indo-Aryan |
Central Romani | / | / | / | / | 472 470 (total) | Speakers | 2026 (Website accessed) | At risk | ||
|
Eastern Yiddish Germanic |
Yidish | Scattered | / | / | / | 830 | Users | 2021 | 8a (Moribund) | ||
|
English Germanic |
English | / | / | / | / | 863 000 | Users | 2012 | 4 (Educational) | ||
|
French Romance |
Français | / | / | / | / | 20 200 | Users | 2022 | 5* (Dispersed) | ||
|
German Germanic |
Deutsch | / | / | / | / | 212 540 | Users | 2021 | 5* (Dispersed) | ||
|
Krevinian Uralic |
Krieviņu | Bauskas province: Bauske | / | / | / | No known L1 speakers | / | / | 10 (Extinct) | ||
|
Latgalian Baltic |
Latgalīšu volūda | Aglona, Baltinava, Balvi, Cibla, Dagda, Daugavpils, Kārsava, Kraslava, Livāni, Ludza, Preili, Riebiņi, Rugāji, Varakļāni, Vārkava, Viļaka, and Viļāni municipalities; Rezekne city; generally east of the Balvi–Pechory (Russia) highway | / | / | / | 200 000 | Users | 2009 | 5* (Developing) | ||
|
Liv / Livonian Uralic |
Līvõ kēļ | Dundaga and Ventspils municipalities: 12 coastal villages; narrow strip along Baltic coast; Riga city | / | / | / | 20, no known L1 speakers | Users | 2013 | 9 (Dormant) | ||
|
Russian Slavic |
Russkiy | Major cities | / | / | / | 2 151 000 | Users | 2021 | 3 (Wider communication) | ||
|
Sinte Romani Indo-Aryan |
Romanes | / | / | / | / | 318 920 (total) | Speakers | 2026 (Website accessed) | At risk | ||
|
Vlax Romani Indo-Aryan |
Romani shib | / | / | / | / | 885 970 (total) | Speakers | 2026 (Website accessed) | At risk | ||
|
Võro Uralic |
Võro kiilʼ | Aluksnes municipality: north, along Estonian border | / | / | / | / | / | / | 6b* (Threatened) | ||
|
Zemgalian Baltic |
Zemgalian | Bauskas, Jelgava, Jurmala, Ķekava, Marupe, Ogre, Olaine, Riga, and Ropaži municipalities | / | / | / | No known L1 speakers | / | / | 10 (Extinct) |
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