Netherlands
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Netherlands (NL)
ECRML
Signed
1992
Ratified
1996
In Force
1998
FCNM
Signed
1995
Ratified
2005
In Force
2005
Country Description
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Official Language(s)
To increase their visibility, recognised Sign Languages are always listed as official languages even if they are not yet technically official. The data on legal recognition was aggregated from legal documents and official sources. Wherever possible, the national number was taken from a national census or recent study/official estimate – sources are listed. The endangerment level is adopted from Ethnologue/Glottolog and further estimates of endangerment can be found on the individual language profile (e.g. by clicking on ‘Italian’).
| Language | Endonym | Geographic Area | Source | Legal Recognition | Legal Document | Source | National Number | Bases for Calculation | Estimation Date | Source | Endangerment Level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Dutch Sign Language (NGT) Sign Language |
Nederlandse Gebarentaal | Whole country | 2020 | Dutch Sign Language Recognition Act / Wet erkenning Nederlandse Gebarentaal | / | Approx. 15 000 (not a census) | Language used | 2026 (Website accessed) | 5 (Developing) | ||
|
None ('De facto' official language: Dutch) Germanic |
Nederlands | Whole country | / | / | / | (At home, small sample) | At home | 2019 | 1 (National) |
ECRML-Recognised Languages
This includes languages recognised under the European Charter of Regional and Minority Languages (ECRML). The data on legal recognition was aggregated from legal documents and official sources. Wherever possible, the national number was taken from a national census or recent study/official estimate – sources are listed. The endangerment level is adopted from Ethnologue/Glottolog and further estimates of endangerment can be found on the individual language profile (e.g. by clicking on ‘Czech’).
| Language | Endonym | Geographic Area | Source | Legal Recognition | Legal Document | Source | National Number | Bases for Calculation | Estimation Date | Source | Endangerment Level | ECRML level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Frisian Germanic |
Westerlauwersk Frysk | Fryslân | 1996 | ECRML | / | 6, 500 respondents (not a national census) | Speak well or very well | 2020 | 2 (Provincial) | Part II & Part III | ||
|
Limbourgish Germanic |
Limburgs | Limburg | 1996 | ECRML | / | Approx. 770 000 (estimate, not a census) | Speakers | 2003 | 5 (Developing) | Part II | ||
|
Papiamentu Romance |
Papiamento / Papiamentu | Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba (Caribbean Netherlands) | 2024 | ECRML | / | Approx. 13 569 (in Bonaire) | Most used language | 2021 | 1 (National) | Depending on area, Part II OR Part II & Part III | ||
|
Romani Indo-Aryan |
Rromani ćhib | Sinti live mainly in the south (North Brabant, Limburg), while the Roma are spread around the country | 1996 | ECRML | / | Approx. 7,000 (estimate, not a census) | Roma speakers | 2007 (Publication) | Unestablished | Part II | ||
|
Stellingwerfs Germanic |
Niedersächsisch | Groningen, Drenthe, Overijssel, municipalities of Ooststellingwerf and Weststellingwerf in the southeastern part of the province of Fryslân, and in the regions Achterhoek and Veluwe in the province of Gelderland | 2018 | Agreement for the Dutch Recognition of the Regional Language Low Saxon / Convenant inzake de Nederlandse erkenning van de regionale nedersaksische taal | / | Approx. 1 800 000 (estimate, not a census) | Speakers | 2000 | 5* (Developing) | Part II | ||
|
Yiddish Germanic |
Yidish | Amsterdam, The Hague | 1996 | ECRML | / | A few hundred (estimate, not a census) | Speakers | 2007 (Publication) | Not listed | Part II |
Non-ECRML Languages
This includes languages listed with an 'established status' in Ethnologue, the Endangered Languages Project or the UNESCO World Atlas (once it is available again). The data on legal recognition, national number, and endangerment level was taken over from the original source, reflecting these sources’ current state and gaps of knowledge.
| Language | Endonym | Geographic Area | Source | Legal Recognition | Legal Document | Source | National Number | Bases for Calculation | Estimation Date | Source | Endangerment Level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Achterhoeks Germanic |
Achterhooks | Gelderland province | / | / | / | 211 000 | Users | 2009 | 5* (Developing) | ||
|
Drents Germanic |
Drèents | Drenthe province: near German border; Overijssel province: Steenwijkerland municipality | / | / | / | 255 000 | Users | 2009 | 5* (Developing) | ||
|
English Germanic |
English | Widespread | / | / | / | 15 805 000 | Users | 2023 | 4 (Educational) | ||
|
French Romance |
Français | Widespread | / | / | / | 3 441 100 | Users | 2023 | 5* (Dispersed) | ||
|
German Germanic |
Deutsch | / | / | / | / | 12 743 000 | Users | 2022 | 5* (Dispersed) | ||
|
Gronings Germanic |
Grunnegs | Drenthe and Groningen provinces: Bellingwedde, Delfzijl, and Oldambt municipalties | / | / | / | 262 000 | Users | 2009 | 5* (Developing) | ||
|
Sallands Germanic |
Sallands | Overijssels province: Sallands | / | / | / | 347 000 | Users | 2009 | 6a* (Vigorous) | ||
|
Twents Germanic |
Twents | Overijssels province | / | / | / | 334 000 | Users | 2009 | 5* (Developing) | ||
|
Veluws Germanic |
Veluws | Gelderland province | / | / | / | 175 000 | Users | 2009 | 6a* (Vigorous) | ||
|
West Flemish Germanic |
West Vlaams | Zeeland province | / | / | / | 132 000 | Users | 2016 | 6b (Threatened) | ||
|
West Frisian Germanic |
Westerlauwersk Frysk | / | / | / | / | 300 000 (total) | Speakers | 2026 (Website accessed) | At risk |
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