Sweden
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Sweden (SE)
ECRML
Signed
2000
Ratified
2000
In Force
2000
FCNM
Signed
1995
Ratified
2000
In Force
2000
Country Description
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Official Language(s)
To increase their visibility, recognised Sign Languages are always listed as official languages even if they are not yet technically official. The data on legal recognition was aggregated from legal documents and official sources. Wherever possible, the national number was taken from a national census or recent study/official estimate – sources are listed. The endangerment level is adopted from Ethnologue/Glottolog and further estimates of endangerment can be found on the individual language profile (e.g. by clicking on ‘Italian’).
| Language | Endonym | Geographic Area | Source | Legal Recognition | Legal Document | Source | National Number | Bases for Calculation | Estimation Date | Source | Endangerment Level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Swedish Germanic |
Svenska | Whole country | 2009 | Language Act / Språklag (2009:600) | / | Approx. 10 000 000 (not a census) | Speakers | 2026 (Website accessed) | 1 (National) | ||
|
Swedish Sign Language (STS) Sign Language |
Svenskt teckenspråk | Whole country | 1981 (furthered in 2009) | Bill 1980/81:100 With a proposal for the state budget for the fiscal year 1981/82 / med förslag till statsbudget för budgetåret 1981/82 | / | Approx. 30 000 (not a census) | Language used | 2026 (Website accessed) | 4 (Educational) |
ECRML-Recognised Languages
This includes languages recognised under the European Charter of Regional and Minority Languages (ECRML). The data on legal recognition was aggregated from legal documents and official sources. Wherever possible, the national number was taken from a national census or recent study/official estimate – sources are listed. The endangerment level is adopted from Ethnologue/Glottolog and further estimates of endangerment can be found on the individual language profile (e.g. by clicking on ‘Czech’).
| Language | Endonym | Geographic Area | Source | Legal Recognition | Legal Document | Source | National Number | Bases for Calculation | Estimation Date | Source | Endangerment Level | ECRML level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Finnish Uralic |
Suomi | All over Sweden with some concentrations in the county of Norrbotten and in the region around the Lake Mälaren in central Sweden (Mälar Valley) | 1999 (furthered in 2009) | Report 1999/2000:KU6 (National minorities in Sweden) / Betänkande 1999/2000:KU6 (Nationella minoriteter i Sverige) | / | Approx. 250 000 (estimated, not a census) | Speakers | 2026 (Website accessed) | 5* (Dispersed) | Part II & Part III | ||
|
Lule Sami Uralic |
Julevusámegiella | Areas traditionally inhabited by Samis stretch from Idre in the region of Dalarna to Kiruna in the county of Norrbotten. Many Sami live in the coastal regions in northern and central Sweden as well as in Stockholm. The administrative district for Sami comprises the municipalities of Arjeplog, Gällivare,Jokkmokk and Kiruna. | 2003 (furthered in 2009) | Report 1999/2000:KU6 (National minorities in Sweden) / Betänkande 1999/2000:KU6 (Nationella minoriteter i Sverige) | / | Approx. 800 (estimated, not a census) | Speakers in Sweden and Norway | 2026 (Website accessed) | 6b (Threatened) | Part II & Part III | ||
|
Meänkieli / Tornedalian Uralic |
Meänkieli | Regionally based language, spoken by people in the region of Tornedalen. The majority of the Tornedalers live in the municipalities of Haparanda, Övertorneå and Pajala and in parts of the municipalities of Kiruna and Gällivare | 2001 (furthered in 2009) | Report 1999/2000:KU6 (National minorities in Sweden) / Betänkande 1999/2000:KU6 (Nationella minoriteter i Sverige) | / | Approx. 150 000 (estimated, not a census) | Tornedalians | 2026 (Website accessed) | 8a (Moribund) | Part II & Part III | ||
|
North Sami Uralic |
Davvisámegiella | Areas traditionally inhabited by Samis stretch from Idre in the region of Dalarna to Kiruna in the county of Norrbotten. Many Sami live in the coastal regions in northern and central Sweden as well as in Stockholm. The administrative district for Sami comprises the municipalities of Arjeplog, Gällivare,Jokkmokk and Kiruna. | 2003 (furthered in 2009) | Report 1999/2000:KU6 (National minorities in Sweden) / Betänkande 1999/2000:KU6 (Nationella minoriteter i Sverige) | / | Approx. 6 000 (estimated, not a census) | Speakers | 2026 (Website accessed) | 6b (Threatened) | Part II & Part III | ||
|
Romani Indo-Aryan |
Rromani ćhib | Whole country | 2002 (furthered in 2009) | Report 1999/2000:KU6 (National minorities in Sweden) / Betänkande 1999/2000:KU6 (Nationella minoriteter i Sverige) | / | Approx. 4 500 (estimate, not a census) | Finnish Roma | 2026 (Website accessed) | Kalo Finnish Romani - 5* (Developing), Tavringer Romani - 8b (Nearly extinct), Vlax Romani - 6b* (Threatened) | Part II | ||
|
South Sami Uralic |
Åarjelsaemien gïele | Areas traditionally inhabited by Samis stretch from Idre in the region of Dalarna to Kiruna in the county of Norrbotten. Many Sami live in the coastal regions in northern and central Sweden as well as in Stockholm. The administrative district for Sami comprises the municipalities of Arjeplog, Gällivare,Jokkmokk and Kiruna. | 2003 (furthered in 2009) | Report 1999/2000:KU6 (National minorities in Sweden) / Betänkande 1999/2000:KU6 (Nationella minoriteter i Sverige) | / | Approx. 700 (estimated, not a census) | Speakers in Sweden and Norway | 2026 (Website accessed) | 6b (Threatened) | Part II | ||
|
Yiddish Germanic |
Yidish | Whole country | 2000 (furthered in 2009) | Report 1999/2000:KU6 (National minorities in Sweden) / Betänkande 1999/2000:KU6 (Nationella minoriteter i Sverige) | / | Approx. 4 000 (estimated, not a census) | Speakers | 2026 (Website accessed) | 7 (Shifting) | Part II |
Non-ECRML Languages
This includes languages listed with an 'established status' in Ethnologue, the Endangered Languages Project or the UNESCO World Atlas (once it is available again). The data on legal recognition, national number, and endangerment level was taken over from the original source, reflecting these sources’ current state and gaps of knowledge.
| Language | Endonym | Geographic Area | Source | Legal Recognition | Legal Document | Source | National Number | Bases for Calculation | Estimation Date | Source | Endangerment Level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Dalecarlian Germanic |
Dalmål | / | / | / | / | 1 500 (total) | Speakers | 2026 (Website accessed) | Threatened | ||
|
Eastern Yiddish Germanic |
Yidish | Scattered | 2009 | Language Act No. 600, Article 7 | / | 3 000 | Users | 2017 | 7 (Shifting) | ||
|
English Germanic |
English | Widespread | / | / | / | 8 831 000 | Users | 2022 | 4 (Educational) | ||
|
French Romance |
Français | Scattered | / | / | / | 847 600 | Users | 2022 | 5* (Dispersed) | ||
|
German Germanic |
Deutsch | / | / | / | / | 2 695 800 | Users | 2022 | 5* (Dispersed) | ||
|
Pite Sami Uralic |
Bidumsámegiella | Norrbotten county: Arjeplog and Arvidsjaur municipalites, along Pite river | 2009 | NMNML Act No. 724, Article 6 (Provincially recognized language in administrative area municipalities) | / | 20 | Users | 2007 | 8b (Nearly extinct) | ||
|
Ume Sami Uralic |
Ubmejensámien giella | Vasterbotten county: Lycksele and Storuman municipalities, Malå, Sorsele, and Tärna, along Ume river | 2009 | NMNML Act No. 724, Article 6 (Provincially recognized language in administrative area municipalities) | / | 20 | Users | 2000 | 8b (Nearly extinct) | ||
|
Vlax Romani Indo-Aryan |
Romani shib | / | / | / | / | 885 970 (total) | Speakers | 2026 (Website accessed) | At risk | ||
|
Övdalian Germanic |
Övdalsk | Dalarna county: Älvdalen municipality | / | / | / | 2 400 | Users | 2010 | 7 (Shifting) |
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