Italy
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Italy (IT)
ECRML
Signed
2000
Ratified
(PENDING)
In Force
(PENDING)
FCNM
Signed
1995
Ratified
1997
In Force
1999
Country Description
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Official Language(s)
To increase their visibility, recognised Sign Languages are always listed as official languages even if they are not yet technically official. The data on legal recognition was aggregated from legal documents and official sources. Wherever possible, the national number was taken from a national census or recent study/official estimate – sources are listed. The endangerment level is adopted from Ethnologue/Glottolog and further estimates of endangerment can be found on the individual language profile (e.g. by clicking on ‘Italian’).
| Language | Endonym | Geographic Area | Source | Legal Recognition | Legal Document | Source | National Number | Bases for Calculation | Estimation Date | Source | Endangerment Level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Italian Romance |
Italiano | Whole country | 1999 | Law No. 482, Art. 1 / Legge N. 482, Art. 1 | / | Approx. 54 833 024 (not a census, estimated) | Mother Tongue | 2015 | 1 (National) | ||
|
Italian Sign Language (LIS) Sign Language |
Lingua dei segni italiana | Whole country | 2021 | Art. 34 (Measures for the recognition of Italian sign language and the inclusion of people with hearing disabilities) / Art. 34-ter (Misure per il riconoscimento della lingua dei segni italiana e l'inclusione delle persone con disabilità uditiva) | / | Approx. 40 000 (not a census) | Deaf Sign Language Users | 2026 (Website accessed) | 5 (Developing) | ||
|
Tactile Italian Sign Language (LISt) Sign Language |
Lingua dei Segni Tattile | Whole country | 2021 | Art. 34 (Measures for the recognition of Italian sign language and the inclusion of people with hearing disabilities) / Art. 34-ter (Misure per il riconoscimento della lingua dei segni italiana e l'inclusione delle persone con disabilità uditiva) | / | Not available | Not available | Not available | Not listed |
ECRML-Recognised Languages
This includes languages recognised under the European Charter of Regional and Minority Languages (ECRML). The data on legal recognition was aggregated from legal documents and official sources. Wherever possible, the national number was taken from a national census or recent study/official estimate – sources are listed. The endangerment level is adopted from Ethnologue/Glottolog and further estimates of endangerment can be found on the individual language profile (e.g. by clicking on ‘Czech’).
| Language | Endonym | Geographic Area | Source | Legal Recognition | Legal Document | Source | National Number | Bases for Calculation | Estimation Date | Source | Endangerment Level | ECRML level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| / | ||||||||||||
Non-ECRML Languages
This includes languages listed with an 'established status' in Ethnologue, the Endangered Languages Project or the UNESCO World Atlas (once it is available again). The data on legal recognition, national number, and endangerment level was taken over from the original source, reflecting these sources’ current state and gaps of knowledge.
| Language | Endonym | Geographic Area | Source | Legal Recognition | Legal Document | Source | National Number | Bases for Calculation | Estimation Date | Source | Endangerment Level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Arbëreshë Albanoid |
Tarbrisht | Apulia region: Foggia province, 3 villages; Taranto province, 1 village; Basilicata region: Potenza province, 5 villages; Calabria region: Cosenza province, 27 villages; Campania region: Avellino province, Greci; Molise region: Campobasso province, 4 villages; Sicily region: Palermo province, 3 villages | 1999 | Historical Minorities Protection Act, No. 482, Article 2 | / | 100 000 | Users | 2010 | 6b (Threatened) | ||
|
Arpitan / Franco-Provençal Romance |
Arpitano / Patouès | Valle d’Aosta region | 1999 | Historical Minorities Protection Act, No. 482, Article 3 | / | 70 000 | Users | 2007 | 6b (Threatened) | ||
|
Bavarian Germanic |
Boarisch | Friuli-Venezia Giulia region: Udine province, Paluzza (Timau village), Pontebba (Laglesie San Leopoldo village), Sappada, Sauris and Tarvisio communes; Trentino-Alto Adige region: South Tyrol province, Bolzano/Bozen | 1999 | Historical Minorities Protection Act, No. 482, Article 4 | / | 332 000 | Users | 2022 | 5* (Developing) | ||
|
Campidanese Romance |
Campidanese / Sardu | Sardinia region: southern half of Sardinia island | 1999 | Historical Minorities Protection Act, No. 482, Article 5 | / | 500 000 | Users | 2007 | 6b (Threatened) | ||
|
Cimbrian Germanic |
Tzimbar | Trentino-Alto Adige region: Trento province, Lavarone and Luserna communes; Veneto region: Verona province, Selva di Progno commune; Vincenza province, Roana commune | / | / | / | 2 230 | Users | 1978 | 6b (Threatened) | ||
|
Corsican Romance |
Corsu | Sardinia region; Maddalena islands, Sardinia northeast coast | / | / | / | 1 000 | Users | 1990 | 6b* (Threatened) | ||
|
Emilian Romance |
Emigliân | Emilia-Romagna region: Bologna, Ferrara, Modena, Parma, Piacenza (northern), Reggio Emilia provinces; Lombardy region: Mantua province (southern); Piedmont region: Curone valley; Tuscany region: Massa-Carrara and Pistoia (northeastern) provinces; Veneto region: Rovigo province (southern) | / | / | / | 440 000 | Users | 2006 | 7 (Shifting) | ||
|
English Germanic |
English | / | / | / | / | 20 234 000 | Users | 2021 | 5* (Dispersed) | ||
|
French Romance |
Français | Piedmont region: Turin city | 1999 | Historical Minorities Protection Act, No. 482, Article 5 | / | 9 634 000 | Users | 2023 | 5* (Dispersed) | ||
|
Friulian Romance |
Furlan | Friuli-Venezia Giulia autonomous region except Trieste province and western and eastern border areas; Veneto region: Venezia province, Portogruaro area | 2007 | Regional law no. 29 (Statutory language of provincial identity in Friuli-Venezia Giulia autonomous region) | / | 600 000 | Users | 2014 | 6b (Threatened) | ||
|
Gallurese Romance |
Gallurese / Sardu | Sardinia region: Nuoro, Olbio Tempio, and Sassari provinces, facing Tyrrhenian sea | 1999 | Historical Minorities Protection Act, No. 482, Article 6 | / | 100 000 | Users | 1999 | 6b (Threatened) | ||
|
Greek Greek |
Elliniká | Apulia region: Lecce province, Calimera, Castrignano de’ Greci, Corigliano d’Otranto, Martano, Martignano, Melpignano, Soleto, Sternatia, and Zollino; Calabria region: southern Reggio Calabria | 1999 | Historical Minorities Protection Act, No. 482, Article 5 | / | 5 600 (based on ethnicity) | Users | 2023 | 8a (Moribund) | ||
|
International Sign (IS) Sign language |
International Sign (IS) | Scattered in many countries | / | / | / | No known L1 users | Users | 2015 | 9 (Second language only) | ||
|
Judeo-Italian Romance |
Giudeo-italiano | Tuscany region: Siena province, Buonconvento; urban areas central and north, Rome | / | / | / | 200 | / | / | 8a (Moribund) | ||
|
Ladin Romance |
Ladin | Trentino-Alto Adige region: the autonomous province of Bolzano-South Tyrol, Gardena and Badia valleys; Trentino province, Val di Fassa; Veneto region: northern Belluno province | 1999 | Historical Minorities Protection Act, No. 482, Article 5 | / | 38 000 | Ethnic population | / | 6b (Threatened) | ||
|
Latin Latin |
Lingua Latina | / | / | / | / | No known L1 speakers | / | / | 9 (Second language only) | ||
|
Ligurian / Genoese Romance |
Lìgure / Zeneize | Emilia-Romagna region: Piacenza province (southern); Liguria region: Genova, Imperia, La Spezia, and Savona provinces; Piedmont region: Alessandria (eastern) and Cuneo provinces; Sardinia region: Southern Sardinia province, Calasetta and Carloforte municipalities, Sant’Antioco and San Pietro islands (Tabarchino dialect) | / | / | / | 140 000 | Users | 2017 | 5* (Developing) | ||
|
Logudorese Romance |
Logudorese / Sardu | Sardinia region: generally south of Sassari town | 1999 | Historical Minorities Protection Act, No. 482, Article 7 | / | 500 000 | Users | 1999 | 6b (Threatened) | ||
|
Lombard Romance |
Lumbard | Emilia-Romagna region: small areas along Po river northwest of Piacenza; Lombardy region: all provinces; Piedmont region: Alessandria (northeast), Novara, and Verbano-Cusio-Ossola provinces; Trentino-Alto Adige region: west Trentino border area; Veneto region: Verona province, northeast shore of Lake Garda | / | / | / | 3 600 000 | Users | 2002 | 6a* (Vigorous) | ||
|
Mòcheno Germanic |
Bersntolerisch | Trentino-Alto Adige region: Valle del Fersina, 4 communes | / | / | / | 1 400 | Users | 2021 | 6b (Threatened) | ||
|
Napoletano Romance |
Napulitano | Apulia region: Bari, Barletta-Andria-Trani, Brindisi (northern), Foggia, and Taranto (northern) provinces; Basilicata region; Calabria region: Cosenza province; Campania region; and Lazio region: southern Frosinone and Latina provinces Brindisi northern and Taranto northern | / | / | / | 5 700 000 | Users | 2002 | 5* (Developing) | ||
|
Occitan Romance |
Lenga d'òc | Piedmont region: Entraigas, Limoun, Pignerol, Sestriero, Val d’Esturo, Val Mairo, Val Varacho, Vinai, upper valleys; maybe Calabria region: Guardia Piemontese | 1999 | Historical Minorities Protection Act, No. 482, Article 5 | / | 100 000 | Users | 1990 | 6b (Threatened) | ||
|
Piedmontese Romance |
Piemontèis | Piedmont region: all provinces except Novara province, excluding Occitan- and Arpitan-speaking Alpine valleys | / | / | / | 700 000 | Users | 2012 | 7 (Shifting) | ||
|
Romagnol Romance |
Rumagnôl | Emilia-Romagna region: Bologna province, Imola; Ravenna province, Faenza; Forlì-Cesena and Rimini provinces; Marche region: Pesaro e Urbino province; Tuscany region, Florence | / | / | / | 160 000 | Users | 2006 | 7 (Shifting) | ||
|
Sassarese Romance |
Sassarese / Sardu | Sardinia region: Sassari province, Alghero city | 1999 | Historical Minorities Protection Act, No. 482, Article 8 | / | 100 000 | Users | 1999 | 6b (Threatened) | ||
|
Sicilian Romance |
Sicilianu | Apulia region: southern Brindisi province, southern Taranto province, and Lecce province; Calabria region: Crotone, Catanzaro, Vibo Valentia, and Reggio di Calabria provinces; Sicily region: Sicily island and nearby island groups (Eolie, Egadi, Pantelleria and Pelagie) | / | / | / | 4 700 000 | Users | 2002 | 5* (Developing) | ||
|
Sinte Romani Indo-Aryan |
Romanes | / | / | / | / | 318 920 (total) | Speakers | 2026 (Website accessed) | At risk | ||
|
Slavomolisano Slavic |
Hrvatski (Na-našu) | Molise region: Campobasso province, Montemitro, San Felice del Molise, and Acquaviva-Collecroce villages | 1999 | Historical Minorities Protection Act, No. 482, Article 8 | / | 1 000 | Users | 2012 | 7 (Shifting) | ||
|
Venetian Romance |
Vèneto | Friuli-Venezia Giulia region: southern Gorizia, southwestern Pordenone, and Trieste provinces; Trentino-Alto Adige region: central and southern Trento province; Sardinia region: Arborea; Veneto region: all provinces, except Belluno province, southern only and Rovigo north of the river Po estuary and central area | / | / | / | 3 800 000 | Users | 2002 | 5* (Developing) | ||
|
Vivaro-Alpine Romance |
Vivaroaupenc | / | / | / | / | Unknown | Speakers | 2026 (Website accessed) | Endangered | ||
|
Vlax Romani Indo-Aryan |
Romani shib | / | / | / | / | 885 970 (total) | Speakers | 2026 (Website accessed) | At risk | ||
|
Walser Germanic |
Walscher | Valle d’Aosta region: Val Lesa (Val del Lys) | / | / | / | 3 400 | Users | 1978 | 7 (Shifting) |
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