Hungary
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Hungary (HU)
ECRML
Signed
1992
Ratified
1995
In Force
1998
FCNM
Signed
1995
Ratified
1995
In Force
1998
Country Description
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Official Language(s)
To increase their visibility, recognised Sign Languages are always listed as official languages even if they are not yet technically official. The data on legal recognition was aggregated from legal documents and official sources. Wherever possible, the national number was taken from a national census or recent study/official estimate – sources are listed. The endangerment level is adopted from Ethnologue/Glottolog and further estimates of endangerment can be found on the individual language profile (e.g. by clicking on ‘Italian’).
| Language | Endonym | Geographic Area | Source | Legal Recognition | Legal Document | Source | National Number | Bases for Calculation | Estimation Date | Source | Endangerment Level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Hungarian Uralic |
Magyar nyelv | Whole country | / | / | / | 9 483 824 | Spoken language | 2022 | 1 (National) | ||
|
Hungarian Sign Language Sign Language |
Magyar jelnyelv | Whole country | 2009 | Act CXXV about Hungarian Sign Language and the use of Hungarian Sign Language / 2009. évi CXXV. törvény a magyar jelnyelvről és a magyar jelnyelv használatáról | / | Approx. 9 000 (not a census) | Deaf Sign Language Users | 2026 (Website accessed) | 5 (Developing) |
ECRML-Recognised Languages
This includes languages recognised under the European Charter of Regional and Minority Languages (ECRML). The data on legal recognition was aggregated from legal documents and official sources. Wherever possible, the national number was taken from a national census or recent study/official estimate – sources are listed. The endangerment level is adopted from Ethnologue/Glottolog and further estimates of endangerment can be found on the individual language profile (e.g. by clicking on ‘Czech’).
| Language | Endonym | Geographic Area | Source | Legal Recognition | Legal Document | Source | National Number | Bases for Calculation | Estimation Date | Source | Endangerment Level | ECRML level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Armenian Armenian |
Hayeren | Scattered | 1993 (furthered in 2011) | Minorities Act No. LXXVII of 1993 on the Rights of National and Ethnic Minorities / Act CLXXIX of 2011 on the rights of national minorities | / | 926 (given) | Spoken language | 2022 | 5* (Developing) | Part II | ||
|
Boyash Indo-Aryan |
Bayash / Rudari | Whole country; language concentration in Budapest, and Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén, Baranya, Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg and Pest Counties | 1993 (furthered in 2011) | Minorities Act No. LXXVII of 1993 on the Rights of National and Ethnic Minorities / Act CLXXIX of 2011 on the rights of national minorities | / | 39 767 (given) (together with Romani) | Spoken language | 2022 | Not listed | Part II & Part III | ||
|
Bulgarian Slavic |
Bălgarski ezik | Scattered | 1993 (furthered in 2011) | Minorities Act No. LXXVII of 1993 on the Rights of National and Ethnic Minorities / Act CLXXIX of 2011 on the rights of national minorities | / | 5 112 (given) | Spoken language | 2022 | 5* (Dispersed) | Part II | ||
|
Croatian Slavic |
Hrvatski / Gradišćanskohrvatski | Along the southern and western borders of the country, in the counties of Bács-Kiskun, Baranya, Győr-Moson-Sopron, Somogy, Vas and Zala. There is also a sizeable community in Budapest. | 1993 (furthered in 2011) | Minorities Act No. LXXVII of 1993 on the Rights of National and Ethnic Minorities / Act CLXXIX of 2011 on the rights of national minorities | / | 29 687 (given) | Spoken language | 2022 | 4 (Educational) | Part II & Part III | ||
|
German Germanic |
Deutsch | Budapest, Bács-Kiskun, Baranya, Fejér, Győr-Moson-Sopron, Komárom -Esztergom, Pest, Tolna and Veszprém, with significant communities in Somogy and Vas countie | 1993 (furthered in 2011) | Minorities Act No. LXXVII of 1993 on the Rights of National and Ethnic Minorities / Act CLXXIX of 2011 on the rights of national minorities | / | 1 207 058 (given) | Spoken language | 2022 | 4 (Educational) | Part II & Part III | ||
|
Greek Greek |
Elliniká | Scattered | 1993 (furthered in 2011) | Minorities Act No. LXXVII of 1993 on the Rights of National and Ethnic Minorities / Act CLXXIX of 2011 on the rights of national minorities | / | 6 137 (given) | Spoken language | 2022 | 4 (Educational) | Part II | ||
|
Polish Slavic |
Polski | Scattered | 1993 (furthered in 2011) | Minorities Act No. LXXVII of 1993 on the Rights of National and Ethnic Minorities / Act CLXXIX of 2011 on the rights of national minorities | / | 13 145 (given) | Spoken language | 2022 | 5* (Dispersed) | Part II | ||
|
Romani Indo-Aryan |
Romani ćhib | Whole country; language concentration in Budapest, and Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén, Baranya, Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg and Pest Counties | 1993 (furthered in 2011) | Minorities Act No. LXXVII of 1993 on the Rights of National and Ethnic Minorities / Act CLXXIX of 2011 on the rights of national minorities | / | 39 767 (given) (together with Boyash) | Spoken language | 2022 | Carpathian - 5* (Developing), Vlax - 4 (Educational) | Part II & Part III | ||
|
Romanian Romance |
Limba română | Mainly in the southeastern regions of Hungary - almost three quarters of the self-governments operate in Békés and Hajdú-Bihar counties; Budapest | 1993 (furthered in 2011) | Minorities Act No. LXXVII of 1993 on the Rights of National and Ethnic Minorities / Act CLXXIX of 2011 on the rights of national minorities | / | 137 884 (given) | Spoken language | 2022 | 4 (Educational) | Part II & Part III | ||
|
Rusyn / Ruthenian Slavic |
Rusîn'skyj jazyk | Scattered | 1993 (furthered in 2011) | Minorities Act No. LXXVII of 1993 on the Rights of National and Ethnic Minorities / Act CLXXIX of 2011 on the rights of national minorities | / | 5 120 (given) | Spoken language | 2022 | 6b (Threatened) | Part II | ||
|
Serbian Slavic |
Srpski | Budapest, Békés, CsongrádCsanád and Pest counties | 1993 (furthered in 2011) | Minorities Act No. LXXVII of 1993 on the Rights of National and Ethnic Minorities / Act CLXXIX of 2011 on the rights of national minorities | / | 30 764 (given) | Spoken language | 2022 | 4 (Educational) | Part II & Part III | ||
|
Slovak Slavic |
Slovenský jazyk | Békés, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén, Komárom-Esztergom and Pest counties, Nógrád and Csongrád-Csanád counties | 1993 (furthered in 2011) | Minorities Act No. LXXVII of 1993 on the Rights of National and Ethnic Minorities / Act CLXXIX of 2011 on the rights of national minorities | / | 37 803 (given) | Spoken language | 2022 | 5* (Dispersed) | Part II & Part III | ||
|
Slovenian Slavic |
Slovenski jezik | About 80% of the Slovene community in Hungary live in seven villages (Felsőszölnök-Gornji Senik, Alsószölnök-Dolnji Senik, SzakonyfaluSakalovci, Apátistvánfalva-Števanovci, Orfalu-Andovci, Kétvögy-Verica/Ritkarovci and Rábatótfalu-Slovenska ves, with the last one administratively belonging to the city of Szentgotthárd) in the area of the Austrian-Slovenian-Hungarian triple border; some others live sporadically in Szentgotthárd, Szombathely, Budapest, Mosonmagyaróvár, Győr and Sopron | 1993 (furthered in 2011) | Minorities Act No. LXXVII of 1993 on the Rights of National and Ethnic Minorities / Act CLXXIX of 2011 on the rights of national minorities | / | 3 537 (given) | Spoken language | 2022 | 4 (Educational) | Part II & Part III | ||
|
Ukrainian Slavic |
Ukrainska mova | Scattered | 1993 (furthered in 2011) | Minorities Act No. LXXVII of 1993 on the Rights of National and Ethnic Minorities / Act CLXXIX of 2011 on the rights of national minorities | / | 57 293 (given) | Spoken language | 2022 | 5* (Dispersed) | Part II |
Non-ECRML Languages
This includes languages listed with an 'established status' in Ethnologue, the Endangered Languages Project or the UNESCO World Atlas (once it is available again). The data on legal recognition, national number, and endangerment level was taken over from the original source, reflecting these sources’ current state and gaps of knowledge.
| Language | Endonym | Geographic Area | Source | Legal Recognition | Legal Document | Source | National Number | Bases for Calculation | Estimation Date | Source | Endangerment Level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Chakavian Slavic |
Čakavski | Győr-Moson-Sopron and Vas counties | / | / | / | 12 000 | Users | 2021 | 6b (Threatened) | ||
|
Eastern Yiddish Germanic |
Yidish | Major cities | / | / | / | / | / | / | 5* (Developing) | ||
|
English Germanic |
English | / | / | / | / | 2 427 800 | Users | 2022 | 4 (Educational) | ||
|
French Romance |
Français | / | / | / | / | 146 800 | Users | 2022 | 5* (Dispersed) | ||
|
Kuman Turkic |
Qypchaq | Bács-Kiskun and Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok counties | / | / | / | No known L1 speakers | / | / | 10 (Extinct) | ||
|
Western Yiddish Germanic |
Yidish | / | / | / | / | 5 400 (total) | Speakers | 2026 (Website accessed) | Threatened | ||
|
Yassic Iranian |
Jász | Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county: Jászberény district | / | / | / | No known L1 speakers | / | / | 10 (Extinct) |
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