Slovakia
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Slovakia (SK)
ECRML
Signed
2001
Ratified
2001
In Force
2002
FCNM
Signed
1995
Ratified
1995
In Force
1998
Country Description
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Official Language(s)
To increase their visibility, recognised Sign Languages are always listed as official languages even if they are not yet technically official. The data on legal recognition was aggregated from legal documents and official sources. Wherever possible, the national number was taken from a national census or recent study/official estimate – sources are listed. The endangerment level is adopted from Ethnologue/Glottolog and further estimates of endangerment can be found on the individual language profile (e.g. by clicking on ‘Italian’).
| Language | Endonym | Geographic Area | Source | Legal Recognition | Legal Document | Source | National Number | Bases for Calculation | Estimation Date | Source | Endangerment Level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Slovak Slavic |
Slovenský jazyk | Whole country | 1992 (furthered in 1995) | Slovakian Constitution / Law on the State Language (Zákon o štátnom jazyku) | / | 4 456 102 (given) | Mother Tongue | 2021 | 1 (National) | ||
|
Slovakian Sign Language (SPJ) Sign Language |
Slovenský posunkový jazyk | Whole country | 1995 | Act No. 149/1995 Coll. Act of the National Council of the Slovak Republic on Sign Language for Deaf People / Zákon Národnej rady Slovenskej republiky o posunkovej reči nepočujúcich osôb | / | 1 835 | Mother Tongue | 2021 | 5 (Developing) |
ECRML-Recognised Languages
This includes languages recognised under the European Charter of Regional and Minority Languages (ECRML). The data on legal recognition was aggregated from legal documents and official sources. Wherever possible, the national number was taken from a national census or recent study/official estimate – sources are listed. The endangerment level is adopted from Ethnologue/Glottolog and further estimates of endangerment can be found on the individual language profile (e.g. by clicking on ‘Czech’).
| Language | Endonym | Geographic Area | Source | Legal Recognition | Legal Document | Source | National Number | Bases for Calculation | Estimation Date | Source | Endangerment Level | ECRML level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Bulgarian Slavic |
Bălgarski ezik | Scattered | 1999 | Act No. 184/1999 Coll., on the Use of Languages of National Minorities / 184/1999 Z. z. Časová verzia predpisu účinná od 01.09.2024 | / | 907 (given) | Mother Tongue | 2021 | Unlisted | Part II & Part III | ||
|
Croatian Slavic |
Hrvatski /Gradišćanskohrvatski | Bratislava region | 1999 | Act No. 184/1999 Coll., on the Use of Languages of National Minorities / 184/1999 Z. z. Časová verzia predpisu účinná od 01.09.2025 | / | 923 (given) | Mother Tongue | 2021 | Unestablished | Part II & Part III | ||
|
Czech Slavic |
Čeština | Bratislava region | 1999 | Act No. 184/1999 Coll., on the Use of Languages of National Minorities / 184/1999 Z. z. Časová verzia predpisu účinná od 01.09.2026 | / | 33 864 (given) | Mother Tongue | 2021 | 5* (Dispersed) | Part II & Part III | ||
|
German Germanic |
Deutsch | 1 municipality, Bratislava and Košice regions | 1999 | Act No. 184/1999 Coll., on the Use of Languages of National Minorities / 184/1999 Z. z. Časová verzia predpisu účinná od 01.09.2027 | / | 3 959 (given) | Mother Tongue | 2021 | 5* (Dispersed) | Part II & Part III | ||
|
Hungarian Uralic |
Magyar nyelv | 511 municipalities, Nitra, Trnava, Banská Bystrica, Košice and Bratislava regions | 1999 | Act No. 184/1999 Coll., on the Use of Languages of National Minorities / 184/1999 Z. z. Časová verzia predpisu účinná od 01.09.2028 | / | 462 175 (given) | Mother Tongue | 2021 | 2 (Provincial) | Part II & Part III | ||
|
Polish Slavic |
Polski | Scattered | 1999 | Act No. 184/1999 Coll., on the Use of Languages of National Minorities / 184/1999 Z. z. Časová verzia predpisu účinná od 01.09.2029 | / | 3 821 (given) | Mother Tongue | 2021 | 6b* (Threatened) | Part II & Part III | ||
|
Romani Indo-Aryan |
Rromani ćhib | 57 municipalities, Kežmarok, Gelnica, Vranov nad Topľou and Revúca, Prešov region | 1999 | Act No. 184/1999 Coll., on the Use of Languages of National Minorities / 184/1999 Z. z. Časová verzia predpisu účinná od 01.09.2030 | / | 100 526 (given) | Mother Tongue | 2021 | Carpathian Romani - 5* (Developing), Vlax Romani - 5* (Dispersed) | Part II & Part III | ||
|
Russian Slavic |
Russkiy | Scattered | 2015 | Government Resolution No. 618/2015 to update the ECRML | / | 4 947 (given) | Mother Tongue | 2021 | Unestablished | Part II | ||
|
Rusyn / Ruthenian Slavic |
Rusîn'skyj jazyk | 68 municipalities, Prešov region | 1999 | Act No. 184/1999 Coll., on the Use of Languages of National Minorities / 184/1999 Z. z. Časová verzia predpisu účinná od 01.09.2030 | / | 38 679 (given) | Mother Tongue | 2021 | 6a* (Vigorous) | Part II & Part III | ||
|
Serbian Slavic |
Srpski | Scattered | 2015 | Government Resolution No. 618/2015 to update the ECRML | / | 1 229 (given) | Mother Tongue | 2021 | Unlisted | Part II | ||
|
Ukrainian Slavic |
Ukrainska mova | 18 municipalities, Prešov and Košice regions | 1999 | Act No. 184/1999 Coll., on the Use of Languages of National Minorities / 184/1999 Z. z. Časová verzia predpisu účinná od 01.09.2030 | / | 7 608 (given) | Mother Tongue | 2021 | 4 (Educational) | Part II & Part III |
Non-ECRML Languages
This includes languages listed with an 'established status' in Ethnologue, the Endangered Languages Project or the UNESCO World Atlas (once it is available again). The data on legal recognition, national number, and endangerment level was taken over from the original source, reflecting these sources’ current state and gaps of knowledge.
| Language | Endonym | Geographic Area | Source | Legal Recognition | Legal Document | Source | National Number | Bases for Calculation | Estimation Date | Source | Endangerment Level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Chakavian Slavic |
Čakavski | Bratislavsky region: Cunovo, Chorvatsky Grob, Devinska Nova Ves, Jarovice | / | / | / | 3 000 | Users | 2021 | 6b (Threatened) | ||
|
English Germanic |
English | / | / | / | / | 1 422 900 | Users | 2023 | 4 (Educational) | ||
|
French Romance |
Français | / | / | / | / | 115 600 | Users | 2022 | 5* (Dispersed) |
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